Publication: Orientación resocializadora de la pena: ¿desorientación del Derecho Penal?
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2017-06-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Este trabajo de investigación fue un intento de acercarse al tan controvertido tema de la idea resocializadora de la pena. Preliminarmente, se alertó para la necesidad de aproximación del saber normativo al saber empírico científico-criminológico, dos áreas del conocimiento imprescindibles a la implantación y desarrollo de la función preventivo especial de la pena. En un segundo momento, se hizo un estudio del tema con relación al principio de la Dignidad Humana, la normativa Internacional sobre Derechos Humanos y el Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. En un tercer momento en el ámbito de la ciencia del Derecho Penal, para aclarar cómo está tratada la idea resocializadora en la doctrina y jurisprudencia penal. Posteriormente, se investigó sobre la función preventivo especial de la pena desde una perspectiva criminológica, con el objetivo de certificar su plausibilidad y desarrollo. Como originariamente concebido, el Derecho Penal Clásico resistió a la aceptación del desideratum resocializador. De hecho, para los clásicos, el papel del Derecho Penal, se agota en la retribución del mal causado por la conducta delictiva. El hombre es, en definitiva, un ser racional y el que delinque es aquél que hizo mal uso de la razón. La pena debe consistir en una pronta retribución, racional y proporcionada, del hecho criminal, que funcione como disuasión a la decisión de delinquir. El derecho penal no cumple una utilidad social que se extienda más allá de la pura y simple compensación del mal causado por las conductas delictivas que amenazan el orden social. Con el progreso de las ciencias naturales y notable intervención del ser humano en su entorno natural, observado desde el siglo XIX, se levanta la hipótesis de que la génesis del crimen estaría en el delincuente y su erradicación en el detallado conocimiento de sus características físicas, biológicas y psicológicas acompañado de una intervención científicamente orientada...
This investigative work has the intention of approaching the controversial theme that is the resocializing idea of the punishment. On a primary moment, it was alerted to the need of an approximation of the normative knowledge to the scientific-criminological empirical knowledge, two essential branches of knowledge to the development and implementation of the special preventive function of the punishment. On a second moment, it was made a study of the issue in relation to the principle of Human Dignity, International Human Rights and Social and Democratic State of Law. On a third moment it was made a study of the theme from the perspective of Criminal Law, to clear up how is being treated the resocializing idea on the doctrine and legal jurisprudence. Later, it was investigated about the special preventive function of the punishment from a criminological perspective, meant to check its development and plausibility. As it was originally conceived, Classic Criminal Law resisted the acceptance of the resocializing objective. In fact, to the traditionalists, the function of Criminal Law is over with the retribution of the harm caused by the criminal activity. The man is, definitively, a rational being and the one that commits harm to others has badly applied his reason. The punishment should consist in prompt retribution, rational and proportional of the criminal offense, to work as a dissuasive on the decision to commit a crime. Criminal law does not fulfill a social utility that extend beyond the pure and simple compensation of harm caused by criminal conduct that threat the social order. With progress in the natural sciences and the notable intervention of the man on its natural surroundings, observed since the 19th century, a hypothesis is raised that crime genesis would be on the offender and his eradication on its detailed knowledge of his physical, biological and psychological characteristics, accompanied by a scientific oriented intervention...
This investigative work has the intention of approaching the controversial theme that is the resocializing idea of the punishment. On a primary moment, it was alerted to the need of an approximation of the normative knowledge to the scientific-criminological empirical knowledge, two essential branches of knowledge to the development and implementation of the special preventive function of the punishment. On a second moment, it was made a study of the issue in relation to the principle of Human Dignity, International Human Rights and Social and Democratic State of Law. On a third moment it was made a study of the theme from the perspective of Criminal Law, to clear up how is being treated the resocializing idea on the doctrine and legal jurisprudence. Later, it was investigated about the special preventive function of the punishment from a criminological perspective, meant to check its development and plausibility. As it was originally conceived, Classic Criminal Law resisted the acceptance of the resocializing objective. In fact, to the traditionalists, the function of Criminal Law is over with the retribution of the harm caused by the criminal activity. The man is, definitively, a rational being and the one that commits harm to others has badly applied his reason. The punishment should consist in prompt retribution, rational and proportional of the criminal offense, to work as a dissuasive on the decision to commit a crime. Criminal law does not fulfill a social utility that extend beyond the pure and simple compensation of harm caused by criminal conduct that threat the social order. With progress in the natural sciences and the notable intervention of the man on its natural surroundings, observed since the 19th century, a hypothesis is raised that crime genesis would be on the offender and his eradication on its detailed knowledge of his physical, biological and psychological characteristics, accompanied by a scientific oriented intervention...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Filosofía del Derecho, Moral y Política I, leída el 18/01/2016